Conurbation

A conurbation is a region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area in which transportation has developed to link areas. They create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.^[1]

Patrick Geddes coined the term in his book Cities in Evolution (1915). He drew attention to the ability of the new technology at the time of electric power and motorised transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as examples "Midlandton" in England, the Ruhr in Germany, Randstad in the Netherlands, and the Northeastern Seaboard in the United States.^[2]

The term as described is used in Britain whereas in the United States, each polycentric "metropolitan area" may have its own common designation such as San Francisco Bay Area or the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Internationally the term "urban agglomeration" is often used to convey a similar meaning to "conurbation".^[3]^[4]

A conurbation should be contrasted with a megalopolis. In a megalopolis the urban areas are close but not physically contiguous, and the merging of labour markets has not yet developed.

A conurbation should also be contrasted with a megacity. A megacity is hierarchical with an indisputable dominant urban core, whereas a conurbation is polycentric and no single urban centre has the dominant role over all other centres.

Africa

Botswana

Urban population rate: 65% (2015)^[5]

Gaborone Metropolitan Area: 154,497 (2015)^[6]

Comoros

Urban population rate: 30% (2015)^[5]

Fomboni Metropolitan Area: 218,269 (2015)^[6]
Moroni Metropolitan Area: 127,798 (2015)^[6]

Egypt

Urban population rate: 47% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Cairo Metropolitan Area	20,035,086	2015	^[6]
Alexandria Metropolitan Area	5,532,976
Al Fayyum Metropolitan Area	1,369,514
Luxor Metropolitan Area	1,263,645
Al Mansurah Metropolitan Area	1,073,697
Asyut Metropolitan Area	983,785
Sawhaj Metropolitan Area	978,161
Az Zaqazig Metropolitan Area	924,760
Jirja Metropolitan Area	873,425
Dumyat Metropolitan Area	847,229
Al Mahallah Metropolitan Area	835,072
Tanta Metropolitan Area	779,681
Bur Said Metropolitan Area	646,209
Al Qurayn Metropolitan Area	633,194
Al Ismailiyah Metropolitan Area	599,110
Banha Metropolitan Area	594,814
Al Minya Metropolitan Area	572,386
As Suways Metropolitan Area	499,891
Bani Suwayf Metropolitan Area	479,649
Al Qusiyah Metropolitan Area	474,894
Qus Metropolitan Area	470,911
Damanhur Metropolitan Area	444,065
Al Balyana Metropolitan Area	442,816
Mit Ghamr Metropolitan Area	441,800
Tuh Metropolitan Area	425,706
Shebin el Kom Metropolitan Area	419,348
Mallawi Metropolitan Area	411,534
Manfalut Metropolitan Area	388,756
Tima Metropolitan Area	357,977
Aswan Metropolitan Area	329,229
Farshut Metropolitan Area	327,342
Abu Al Juhur Metropolitan Area	312,990
Faqus Metropolitan Area	305,082
Al Matariyah Metropolitan Area	293,641
Kafr Ashshaykh Metropolitan Area	286,873
Tuwah Bani Ibrahim Metropolitan Area	282,110
Al Maraghah Metropolitan Area	276,323
Disuq Metropolitan Area	263,931
Al Ismailiyah Metropolitan Area	261,107
Kafr Az Zayyat Metropolitan Area	249,716
Ashmun Metropolitan Area	240,116
Minuf Metropolitan Area	230,547
Quwaysina Metropolitan Area	227,213
Tahta Metropolitan Area	224,338
Tala Metropolitan Area	215,128
Qina Metropolitan Area	208,319
Armant Metropolitan Area	206,411
Fuwah Metropolitan Area	203,506
Rasid Metropolitan Area	199,755
Minyat Al Qamb Metropolitan Area	193,935
Akhmim Metropolitan Area	191,684
Zawiyat Barmasha Metropolitan Area	191,065
Samalut Metropolitan Area	176,978
Jirzah Metropolitan Area	175,687
Marsha Matruh Metropolitan Area	170,798
As Sinbillawayn Metropolitan Area	170,695
Al Wasitah Metropolitan Area	170,140
Sirsal Layyanah Metropolitan Area	165,983
7th October City Metropolitan Area	163,097
Juhanyah Metropolitan Area	160,046
Bani Mazar Metropolitan Area	148,488
Maghaghah Metropolitan Area	148,200
Shirbin Metropolitan Area	145,612
Abu Kabir Metropolitan Area	141,947
As Saff Metropolitan Area	134,766
Kafr Al Haddadin Metropolitan Area	131,937
Al Badari Metropolitan Area	130,359
Abu Qurqas Metropolitan Area	127,764
Al Ayat Metropolitan Area	126,244
Mit as Siraj Metropolitan Area	124,611
Isna Metropolitan Area	124,582
Abu Tij Metropolitan Area	122,602
Idku Metropolitan Area	114,896
Kafr Al Wasushah Metropolitan Area	113,797
Qusayr Bakhanis Metropolitan Area	112,927
Ityayal Barud Metropolitan Area	111,355
Abnub Metropolitan Area	110,639
Nawaj Metropolitan Area	109,113
Al Anayim Metropolitan Area	108,623
Al Ghanayim Metropolitan Area	107,890
Diyarb Najm Metropolitan Area	105,659
Salwa Qibli Metropolitan Area	101,726

Eswatini

Urban population rate: 25% (2015)^[5]

Manzini Metropolitan Area: 115,511 (2015) ^[6]

Lesotho

Urban population rate: 31% (2015)^[5]

Maseru Metropolitan Area: 245,878 (2015) ^[6]

Madagascar

Urban population rate: 34% (2015)^[5]

Antananarivo Metropolitan Area: 2,148,584 (2015) ^[6]
Mahajanga Metropolitan Area: 158,550 (2015) ^[6]

Mauritius

Urban population rate: 46% (2015)^[5]

Port Louis Metropolitan Area: 545,315 (2015) ^[6]

Morocco

Rabat-Salé-Kénitra^[7]

Nigeria

Lagos is a conurbation formed through the merged development of the initial Lagos city area with other cities and towns including Ikeja and Ojo. Also various suburban communities such as Agege, Alimosho, Ifako-Ijaiye, Kosofe, Mushin, Oshodi and Shomolu are included in the area.^[8]

Namibia

Urban population rate: 42% (2015)^[5]

Windhoek Metropolitan Area: 365,942 (2015) ^[6]

South Africa

Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni (East Rand), and Tshwane (greater Pretoria) merged to form a region that has a population of 14.6 million.^[9]

Asia

Afghanistan

Urban population rate: 25% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Kabul Metropolitan Area	4,381,842	2015	^[6]
Herat Metropolitan Area	1,004,779
Kandahar Metropolitan Area	605,626
Mazar i Sharif Metropolitan Area	465,528
Jalalabad Metropolitan Area	417,828
Puli Khumri Metropolitan Area	214,258
Laskar Gah Metropolitan Area	207,569
Qunduz Metropolitan Area	190,793
Charikar Metropolitan Area	177,152
Taloqan Metropolitan Area	162,418
Sibargan Metropolitan Area	131,716
Farah Metropolitan Area	122,843

Armenia

Urban population rate: 67% (2015)^[5]

Yerevan Metropolitan Area: 1,132,741 (2015)^[6]
Leninakan Metropolitan Area: 105,161 (2015)^[6]

Azerbaijan

Urban population rate: 55% (2015)^[5]

Baku Metropolitan Area: 1,961,523 (2015)^[6]
Sumqayit Metropolitan Area: 425,195 (2015)^[6]
Ganca Metropolitan Area: 344,734 (2015)^[6]
Mingchevir Metropolitan Area: 124,961 (2015)^[6]
Naxcivan Metropolitan Area: 123,266 (2015)^[6]
Lankaran Metropolitan Area: 113,449 (2015)^[6]

Bahrain

Urban population rate: 23% (2015)^[5]

Al Manamah Metropolitan Area: 1,247,787 (2015)^[6]

Bangladesh

The city of Dhaka is linked with Narayanganj and Gazipur city; there are no gaps between Dhaka and those two cities. This conurbation which consists of the areas of the city of Dhaka and its surrounding cities and towns is collectively knowns as the Greater Dhaka City. The city of Dhaka is the core city of the conurbation and has a population of about 10 Million. The satellite cities of the conurbation include Narayanganj, Gazipur, Tongi, Fatullah, Keraniganj, Tarabo, and Kaliganj.

Cambodia

Urban population rate: 22% (2015)^[5]

Phnum Penh Metropolitan Area: 1,816,032 (2015)^[6]
Siem Reab Metropolitan Area: 273,620 (2015)^[6]
Bat Dambang Metropolitan Area: 175,941 (2015)^[6]
Paoy Pet Metropolitan Area (Paoy Pet + Ban Tha Kham): 122,897 (2015)^[6]

China

Data are referred to borders determined by Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984), Sino-Portugal Joint Declaration (1987) and later agreements with countries that share a land border with China or influenced by disputes in the sea where China faces (see Territorial disputes focus).

Urban population rate: 56% (2015).^[5] Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2015.^[6]

Name	Province/Autonomous region/Municipality/SAR	Population
Nenjiang Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	140,203
Beian Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	106,291
Hulanergi Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	180,724
Qiqihar Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	880,401
Hailun Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	131,625
Suileng Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	118,062
Hegang Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	526,931
Fujin Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	136,235
Shuangyashan Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	210,959
Jiamusi Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	660,888
Suihua Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	248,077
Daqing Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	1,049,903
Zhaodong Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	272,080
Qitaihe Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	458,945
Mishan Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	107,631
Jixi Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	507,651
Harbin Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	4,441,336
Acheng Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	243,479
Shuangcheng Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	186,835
Shangzhi Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	116,851
Wuchang Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	134,640
Mudanjiang Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	760,143
Suifenhe Metropolitan Area	Heilongjiang	107,582
Baicheng Metropolitan Area	Jilin	288,896
Taonan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	122,973
Daan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	134,202
Fuyu Metropolitan Area	Jilin	487,550
Yushu Metropolitan Area	Jilin	189,349
Shulan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	200,866
Dehui Metropolitan Area	Jilin	152,930
Jiutai Metropolitan Area	Jilin	127,023
Changchun Metropolitan Area	Jilin	3,424,261
Gongzhuling Metropolitan Area	Jilin	188,002
Siping Metropolitan Area	Jilin	494,103
Shuangyang Metropolitan Area	Jilin	106,312
Jilin Metropolitan Area	Jilin	1,501,500
Jiaohe Metropolitan Area	Jilin	137,749
Dunhua Metropolitan Area	Jilin	221,907
Liaoyuan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	374,651
Huadian Metropolitan Area	Jilin	134,283
Huinan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	105,818
Meihekou Metropolitan Area	Jilin	238,275
Tonghua Metropolitan Area	Jilin	313,603
Jian Metropolitan Area	Jilin	174,362
Baishan Metropolitan Area	Jilin	273,627
Linjiang Metropolitan Area	Jilin	109,941
Changbai Metropolitan Area	Jilin	228,143
Yanji Metropolitan Area	Jilin	469,217
Tumen Metropolitan Area	Jilin	104,826
Hunchun Metropolitan Area	Jilin	128,152
Kaiyuan Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	239,064
Tiefa Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	142,100
Zhangwu Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	140,185
Tieling Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	194,020
Xinmin Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	163,541
Shenyang Metropolitan Area (Shenyang + Fushun)	Liaoning	6,718,611
Fuxin Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	677,455
Heishan Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	128,639
Jinzhou Metropolitan Area (Jinzhou + Linghai)	Liaoning	947,725
Huludao Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	514,586
Xingcheng Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	143,237
Panjin Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	698,676
Benxi Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	843,798
Anshan Metropolitan Area (Anshan + Liaoyang)	Liaoning	2,145,857
Haicheng Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	374,899
Dashiqiao Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	299,100
Yingkou Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	492,161
Bayuquan Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	395,999
Gaizhou Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	197,547
Kuandian Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	100,814
Fengcheng Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	115,312
Xiuyan Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	106,650
Dandong Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	1,007,051
Donggang Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	105,309
Zhuanghe Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	136,269
Wafangdian Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	279,945
Pulandian Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	122,811
Dalian Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	3,511,057
Beipiao Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	122,527
Chaoyang Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	474,460
Lingyuan Metropolitan Area	Liaoning	176,317
Guanqiaocun Metropolitan Area	Jiangsu	171,335
Shengze Metropolitan Area	Jiangsu	397,791
Weitang Metropolitan Area	Jiangsu	323,164
Yangtze Delta Conurbation (Shanghai + Suzhou + Changshu + Zhangjiagang + Jiangyin + Jingjiang + Changzhou + Wuxi)	Shanghai + Jiangsu	40,282,869
Changxing Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	229,339
Huzhou Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	454,276
Pinghu Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	237,857
Haiyan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	171,909
Jiaxing Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	1,019,544
Haining Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	242,761
Deqing Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	141,039
Dipu Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	178,292
Northern Zhejiang Conurbation (Hangzhou + Shaoxing + Cixi + Yuyao + Ningbo)	Zhejiang	13,189,786
Linan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	202,844
Fuyang Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	397,545
Tonglu Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	137,680
Jiande Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	119,497
Daping Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	106,638
Jiangshan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	137,838
Quzhou Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	376,285
Lanxi Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	234,286
Jinhua Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	630,207
Yiwu Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	1,629,407
Zhuji Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	447,567
Yongkang Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	597,957
Lishui Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	266,877
Shengzhou Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	443,232
Shangyu Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	282,360
Fenghua Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	202,964
Zhoushan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	467,378
Dancheng Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	170,259
Ninghai Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	264,584
Tiantai Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	145,705
Chengguan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	143,074
Linhai Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	343,696
Taizhou Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	2,544,455
Yuhuan Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	475,380
Shuitou Metropolitan Area	Zhejiang	104,545
Wenzhou Conurbation (Wenzhou + Longgang + Ruian + Yueqing)	Zhejiang	7,555,974
Fuding Metropolitan Area	Fujian	165,129
Fuan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	160,484
Songcheng Metropolitan Area	Fujian	129,786
Ningde Metropolitan Area	Fujian	208,964
Nanping Metropolitan Area	Fujian	162,435
Sanming Metropolitan Area	Fujian	253,422
Fengcheng Metropolitan Area	Fujian	139,051
Fuzhou Metropolitan Area	Fujian	3,746,678
Yongan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	138,080
Tingzhou Metropolitan Area	Fujian	111,177
Fuqing Metropolitan Area	Fujian	379,236
Jiangjing Metropolitan Area	Fujian	162,937
Tangcheng Metropolitan Area	Fujian	197,497
Putian Metropolitan Area	Fujian	1,106,639
Fengting Metropolitan Area	Fujian	169,488
Wangchuan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	218,196
Luocheng [zh] Metropolitan Area	Fujian	401,701
Taocheng Metropolitan Area	Fujian	145,782
Bangtou Metropolitan Area	Fujian	339,181
Longxun Metropolitan Area	Fujian	158,318
Longyan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	410,404
Quanzhou Metropolitan Area	Fujian	4,009,700
Meishan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	120,112
Nanan Metropolitan Area	Fujian	118,623
Guanqiao Metropolitan Area	Fujian	179,347
Xiamen Metropolitan Area (Xiamen + Zhangzhou)	Fujian	5,333,178
Xiaoxi Metropolitan Area	Fujian	102,593
Nanzhao Metropolitan Area	Fujian	132,124
Yunling Metropolitan Area	Fujian	124,307
Suian Metropolitan Area	Fujian	106,629
Haikou Metropolitan Area	Hainan	1,591,695
Danzhou Metropolitan Area	Hainan	205,199
Qionghai Metropolitan Area	Hainan	129,381
Sanya Metropolitan Area	Hainan	452,525
Ruili Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	163,239
Baoshan Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	372,209
Dali Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	350,945
Lijiang Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	148,632
Lincang Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	125,501
Jinghong Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	110,737
Puer Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	171,436
Chuxiong Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	282,550
Gejiu Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	200,494
Linan Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	131,545
Kaiyuan Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	133,048
Wenlan Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	134,657
Panzhihua Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	199,981
Yangguang Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	122,171
Yuxi Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	370,446
Miyang Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	111,670
Jinzhong Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	129,679
Xuanwei Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	242,147
Qujing Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	423,122
Kunming Metropolitan Area	Yunnan	3,416,600
Yinchuan Metropolitan Area	Ningxia	1,440,105
Dawukou Metropolitan Area	Ningxia	141,933
Wuzhong Metropolitan Area	Ningxia	240,247
Chengguan Metropolitan Area	Qinghai	164,456
Xining Metropolitan Area	Qinghai	1,303,058
Hetian Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	206,347
Kargilik Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	130,032
Kashgar Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	460,832
Kizilsu Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	129,556
Aksu Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	288,264
Kuqa Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	111,846
Bayingolin Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	392,233
Hami Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	218,398
Shihezi Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	379,563
Huiyuan Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	401,027
Karamay Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	245,077
Tacheng Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	101,155
Urumqi Metropolitan Area	Xinjiang	3,435,800
Lhasa Metropolitan Area	Xizang (Tibet)	187,823

Cyprus

Data are referred to pre-1974 Turkish Army occupation boundaries. Urban population rate: 59% (2015)^[5]

Nicosia Metropolitan Area: 228,293 (2015)^[6]
Lemesos Metropolitan Area: 159,460 (2015)^[6]

East Timor

Urban population rate: 31% (2015)^[5]

Dili Metropolitan Area: 262,234 (2015)^[6]

Georgia

Data are referret to pre-2008 Russo-Georgian War. Urban population rate: 56% (2015)^[5]

Tbilisi Metropolitan Area: 1,077,840 (2015)^[6]
Batumi Metropolitan Area: 175,251 (2015)^[6]
Kutaisi Metropolitan Area: 163,971 (2015)^[6]

Indonesia

Greater Jakarta or Jabodetabek comprises the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world with a population of around 30 million.^[10] The center and national capital, Jakarta, has a population of 10.3 million within its borders.^[11]

The second-most populated city in Indonesia, Surabaya, also forms a conurbation known as Gerbangkertosusila with a metropolitan population of about 10 million compared to the city proper of 3 million.^[12] Conurbations are also present around Bandung and Medan.

India

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) consists of Mumbai and its satellite towns. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of seven municipal corporations and fifteen smaller municipal councils. The region has an area of 4,355 km² and with a population of 20.5 million,^[13] and is among the top ten most populated urban agglomerations in the world. It is linked together through the Mumbai Suburban Railway system and a large network of roads.

The National Capital Region (NCR) is a name for the coordinated planning region which encompasses the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as several surrounding districts in the neighbouring states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. However, the conurbation of Delhi is actually limited to the NCT of Delhi and the neighbouring contiguous urban areas comprising Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad. The area is officially known as the Central National Capital Region (CNCR), a small part of overall NCR.^[14] The population of this conurbation was estimated 21.7 million in 2011.^[15] It is the world's third most populous urban agglomeration.

The Amaravati Metropolitan Region (AMR) of Andhra Pradesh is a conurbation of three cities, namely Vijayawada, Eluru and Guntur and 11 other towns which include Mangalagiri, Tadepalle, Tenali, Ponnuru, Chilakaluripeta, Narasaraopeta, Sattenapally, Nandigama, Jaggayyapeta, Nuzividu, Gudivada and Vuyyuru. The new capital city of the state, Amaravati, is being developed between the cities of Vijayawada and Guntur at the center of the conurbation. The region holds a total population of 58 lakhs.

The Jamshedpur Metropolitan Area has a plan of Greater Jamshedpur. This place contains the area and city of Adityapur, Maango and Jugsalai

Israel

Data are referred to 1949 Armistice boundaries, after 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Urban population rate: 59% (2015)^[5]

Tel Aviv metropolitan area: 2,362,273 (2015)
Jerusalem metropolitan area (both Israeli and Palestinian part): 1,521,423 (2015)
Haifa metropolitan area: 430,883 (2015)
Beer Sheva metropolitan area: 198,325 (2015)

Japan

Urban population rate: 69% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo + Kawasaki + Yokohama + Saitama + Chiba)	33,028,731	2015	^[6]
Keihanshin Metropolitan Area (Osaka + Kobe + Kyoto + Nara + Sakai + Himeji)	15,692,797
Chukyo Metropolitan Area (Nagoya + Gifu + Toyota + Okazaki + Yokkaichi)	7,667,227
Fukuoka Metropolitan Area	2,121,624
Sapporo Metropolitan Area	1,894,557
Kitakyushu Metropolitan Area	1,203,250
Hiroshima Metropolitan Area	1,186,235
Takasaki Metropolitan Area (Takasaki + Isesaki + Ota)	1,173,901
Sendai Metropolitan Area	1,142,678
Naha Metropolitan Area (Naha + Okinawa)	942,036
Okayama Metropolitan Area (Okayama + Kurashiki)	829,536
Hamamatsu Metropolitan Area	718,870
Kumamoto Metropolitan Area	605,471
Shizuoka Metropolitan Area	578,725
Kanazawa Metropolitan Area	535,787
Otsu Metropolitan Area	514,884
Matsuyama Metropolitan Area	470,052
Tokushima Metropolitan Area	469,453
Kagoshima Metropolitan Area	442,953
Toyohashi Metropolitan Area	442,669
Wakayama Metropolitan Area	404,725
Mishima Metropolitan Area (Mishima + Numazu)	395,212
Kofu Metropolitan Area	390,244
Takamatsu Metropolitan Area	384,523
Oita Metropolitan Area	373,607
Niigata Metropolitan Area	372,503
Fujieda Metropolitan Area	318,978
Utsunomiya Metropolitan Area	312,681
Asahikawa Metropolitan Area	300,358
Nagano Metropolitan Area	269,298
Nagasaki Metropolitan Area	286,989
Mito Metropolitan Area (Mito + Hitachinaka)	284,338
Fuji Metropolitan Area	263,378
Miyazaki Metropolitan Area	247,744
Morioka Metropolitan Area	222,069
Hakodate Metropolitan Area	221,760
Fukuyama Metropolitan Area	221,646
Koriyama Metropolitan Area	218,390
Kochi Metropolitan Area	213,691
Akita Metropolitan Area	212,355
Toyama Metropolitan Area	210,606
Yamagata Metropolitan Area	206,358
Tsuchiura Metropolitan Area	195,325
Aomori Metropolitan Area	187,436
Fukushima Metropolitan Area	181,819
Marugame Metropolitan Area	171,220
Kisarazu Metropolitan Area	165,839
Sanda Metropolitan Area	164,419
Hitachi Metropolitan Area	162,932
Fukui Metropolitan Area	161,762
Ube Metropolitan Area	152,722
Takaoka Metropolitan Area	144,427
Kushiro Metropolitan Area	143,420
Obihiro Metropolitan Area	140,962
Shūnan Metropolitan Area	137,818
Niihama Metropolitan Area	134,067
Kurume Metropolitan Area	133,391
Matsumoto Metropolitan Area	125,858
Hachinohe Metropolitan Area	124,493
Omuta Metropolitan Area	122,197
Tomakomai Metropolitan Area	117,181
Beppu Metropolitan Area	113,901
Hikone Metropolitan Area	113,437
Yonago Metropolitan Area	112,806
Sasebo Metropolitan Area	104,105
Iwaki Metropolitan Area	103,547
Hirosaki Metropolitan Area	100,073
Muroran Metropolitan Area	100,039

Jordan

Urban population rate: 80% (2015)^[5]

Amman Metropolitan Area: 3,672,403 (2015)^[6]
Irbid Metropolitan Area: 574,578 (2015)^[6]
Madaba Metropolitan Area: 104,759 (2015)^[6]

Kazakhstan

Urban population rate: 62% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Almaty Metropolitan Area	1,730,584	2015	^[6]
Astana Metropolitan Area	749,746
Shymkent Metropolitan Area	738,552
Aktobe Metropolitan Area	394,478
Semey Metropolitan Area	266,841
Kyzylorda Metropolitan Area	237,992
Pavlodar Metropolitan Area	235,889
Atyrau Metropolitan Area	231,440
Aktau Metropolitan Area	225,567
Turkestan Metropolitan Area	215,873
Ural Metropolitan Area	208,766
Ust-Kamenogorsk Metropolitan Area	197,281
Taraz Metropolitan Area	192,656
Karaganda Metropolitan Area	191,772
Temirtau Metropolitan Area	154,580
Petropavlosk Metropolitan Area	153,560
Kostanay Metropolitan Area	136,333
Taldikorgan Metropolitan Area	131,397
Zhanaozen Metropolitan Area	109,850
Kokshetav Metropolitan Area	100,846

Kyrgyzstan

Urban population rate: 38% (2015)^[5]

Bishkek Metropolitan Area: 1,119,915 (2015)^[6]
Osh Metropolitan Area: 401,135 (2015)^[6]

Kuwait

Urban population rate: 98% (2015)^[5]

Al Kuwait Metropolitan Area: 1,816,032 (2015)^[6]

Laos

Urban population rate: 37% (2015)^[5]

Vientiane Metropolitan Area (Vientiane + Si Chiang Mai): 407,100 (2015)^[6]

Malaysia

Urban population rate: 74% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Area	6,512,807	2015	^[6]
Georgetown Metropolitan Area (Georgetown + Kulim)	1,418,262
Johor Bahru Metropolitan Area	1,067,776
Ipoh Metropolitan Area	643,327
Kota Kinabalu Metropolitan Area	608,027
Melaka Metropolitan Area	446,719
Kuching Metropolitan Area	441,554
Seremban Metropolitan Area	390,884
Tawau Metropolitan Area	354,494
Sandakan Metropolitan Area	337,268
Kota Bharu Metropolitan Area	326,948
Sungai Petani Metropolitan Area	269,176
Kuantan Metropolitan Area	217,879
Alor Star Metropolitan Area	203,262
Taiping Metropolitan Area	198,018
Miri Metropolitan Area	187,443
Sibu Metropolitan Area	185,385
Kuala Terengganu Metropolitan Area	147,996
Lahad Datu Metropolitan Area	133,110
Kluang Metropolitan Area	109,597
Muar Metropolitan Area	106,024
Bintulu Metropolitan Area	101,436
Semporna Metropolitan Area	101,230

Maldives

Malé Metropolitan Area: 131,839 (2015)^[6]

Mongolia

Urban population rate: 65% (2015)^[5]

Ulaanbataar Metropolitan Area: 1,316,070 (2015)^[6]

Nepal

Urban population rate: 21% (2015)^[5]

Kathmandu Metropolitan Area: 3,529,143 (2015)^[6]
Itahari Metropolitan Area (Itahari + Biratnagar + Jogbani): 837,791 (2015)^[6]
Pokhara Metropolitan Area: 252,903 (2015)^[6]
Bharatpur Metropolitan Area: 152,712 (2015)^[6]

North Korea

Boundaries are referred to the Third inter-Korean summit agreement (2018).

Urban population rate: 63% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Kaeseong Metropolitan Area	218,480	2015	^[6]
Haeju Metropolitan Area	265,065
Sariwon Metropolitan Area	353,198
Songnim Metropolitan Area	256,211
Nampo Metropolitan Area	311,567
Kangseo Metropolitan Area	260,531
Pyeongyang Metropolitan Area	2,439,214
Wonsan Metropolitan Area	326,575
Muncheon Metropolitan Area	116,635
Pyeongseong Metropolitan Area	300,843
Suncheon Metropolitan Area	154,047
Sukcheon Metropolitan Area	106,846
Anju Metropolitan Area	256,943
Kaecheon Metropolitan Area	164,966
Deokcheon Metropolitan Area	152,025
Cheongju Metropolitan Area	170,999
Seoncheon Metropolitan Area	112,903
Kuseong Metropolitan Area	108,791
Ryeongcheon Metropolitan Area	125,259
Huicheon Metropolitan Area	117,534
Kanggye Metropolitan Area	270,248
Jeongpyeong Metropolitan Area	108,488
Hamju Metropolitan Area	105,812
Hamheung Metropolitan Area	745,918
Hongwon Metropolitan Area	116,941
Dancheon Metropolitan Area	114,551
Kimchaek Metropolitan Area	195,611
Kilju Metropolitan Area	108,885
Musan Metropolitan Area	106,601
Cheongjin Metropolitan Area	604,815
Rajin Metropolitan Area	106,938

Oman

Urban population rate: 76% (2015)^[5]

Masqat Metropolitan Area (Masqat + Al Seeb + Ruwi): 905,831 (2015)^[6]
Salahah Metropolitan Area: 208,005 (2015)^[6]
Suhar Metropolitan Area: 110,977 (2015)^[6]

Pakistan

Data are referred to 1972 Shimla Agreement borders, after 1971 Indo-Pakistani war.

Urban population rate: 39% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Karachi Metropolitan Area	13,150,694	2015	^[6]
Lahore Metropolitan Area	10,114,718
Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area (Rawalpindi + Islamabad)	3,738,564
Faisalabad Metropolitan Area	3,563,007
Gujranwala Metropolitan Area	2,788,655
Peshawar Metropolitan Area	2,764,734
Multan Metropolitan Area	2,422,577
Sialkot Metropolitan Area	1,885,761
Hyderabad Metropolitan Area	1,835,126
Mingaora Metropolitan Area	1,057,542
Mardan Metropolitan Area	1,026,217
Abbottabad Metropolitan Area	960,783
Quetta Metropolitan Area	749,960
Sargodha Metropolitan Area	657,394
Gujrat Metropolitan Area	622,644
Wah Metropolitan Area	521,616
Bannu Metropolitan Area	494,277
Haripur Metropolitan Area	474,638
Larkana Metropolitan Area	466,569
Mansehra Metropolitan Area	465,955
Shahkot Metropolitan Area	460,340
Charsadda Metropolitan Area	421,797
Sukkur Metropolitan Area	419,044
Bahawalpur Metropolitan Area	412,812
Jehangira Metropolitan Area	392,541
Dera Ghazi Khan Metropolitan Area	386,996
Chakwal Metropolitan Area	380,689
Okara Metropolitan Area	377,333
Nowshera Metropolitan Area	376,682
Kasur Metropolitan Area	368,064
Shakargarh Metropolitan Area	366,175
Swabi Metropolitan Area	350,349
Kohat Metropolitan Area	349,873
Jhelum Metropolitan Area	335,764
Muridike Metropolitan Area	332,238
Sahiwal Metropolitan Area	331,522
Muzaffarabad Metropolitan Area	329,099
Hazro Metropolitan Area	325,085
Chakdarra Metropolitan Area	312,554
Shabqadar Metropolitan Area	306,185
Jhang Sada Metropolitan Area	303,289
Jacobabad Metropolitan Area	301,179
Narowal Metropolitan Area	279,768
Rahim Yar Khan Metropolitan Area	274,839
Takhat Bhai Metropolitan Area	270,145
Tangi Metropolitan Area	254,085
Hafizabad Metropolitan Area	252,160
Muzaffargarh Metropolitan Area	245,691
Mandi Bahauddin Metropolitan Area	240,604
Wazirabad Metropolitan Area	232,325
Qila Khudabadan Metropolitan Area	221,239
Shikarpur Metropolitan Area	221,057
Mandi Metropolitan Area	209,396
Jampur Metropolitan Area	208,805
Pattoki Metropolitan Area	208,708
Kharian Metropolitan Area	191,229
Chunian Metropolitan Area	178,925
Tando Muhammad Khan Metropolitan Area	173,445
Lala Mosa Metropolitan Area	171,681
Khairpur Metropolitan Area	167,568
Khandhkot Metropolitan Area	167,179
Charman Metropolitan Area	165,834
Zangun Metropolitan Area	164,498
Dadu Metropolitan Area	162,534
Sherpur Metropolitan Area	160,249
Sadiqabad Metropolitan Area	158,903
Bhara Khao Metropolitan Area	155,834
Pakpattan Metropolitan Area	155,767
Ghotki Metropolitan Area	154,294
Fatehjang Metropolitan Area	153,965
Burewala Metropolitan Area	151,529
Pindi Gheb Metropolitan Area	147,718
Bat Khela Metropolitan Area	147,435
Chiniot Metropolitan Area	146,702
Chuchar Metropolitan Area	143,388
Pasrur Metropolitan Area	142,975
Usta Muhammad Metropolitan Area	137,181
Khanewal Metropolitan Area	135,503
Gojra Metropolitan Area	134,727
Shaikh Jana Metropolitan Area	131,956
Thul Metropolitan Area	130,017
Kahuta Metropolitan Area	129,479
Gali Bagh Metropolitan Area	126,721
Shujaabad Metropolitan Area	125,952
Topi Metropolitan Area	123,669
Daroli Metropolitan Area	116,619
Attock Metropolitan Area	113,767
Sangla Metropolitan Area	112,475
Mithankot Metropolitan Area	111,038
Thatta Metropolitan Area	110,185
Jambar Kalan Metropolitan Area	109,682
Dera Ismail Khan Metropolitan Area	109,448
Kabirwala Metropolitan Area	108,910
Lodhran Metropolitan Area	108,590
Moro Metropolitan Area	108,243
Havelian Metropolitan Area	106,307
Shal Bandai Metropolitan Area	106,132
Mehar Metropolitan Area	106,034
Arifwala Metropolitan Area	105,263
Khanpur Metropolitan Area	104,403
Alipur Metropolitan Area	101,977
Khot Kakka Shah Metropolitan Area	100,884

Palestine

Data are referred to 1949 Armistice boundaries, after 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Gaza Strip Conurbation (Gaza + Rafah): 1,706,220 (2015)^[6]
Hebron Metropolitan Area: 238,426 (2015)^[6]
Tulkarm Metropolitan Area (Tulkarm + Tayibe): 158,781 (2015)^[6]
Nablus Metropolitan Area: 140,931 (2015)^[6]

Papua New Guinea

Urban population rate: 10% (2015)^[5]

Port Moresby Metropolitan Area: 262,015 (2015)^[6]
Madang Metropolitan Area: 110,610 (2015)^[6]

Philippines

Urban population rate: 59% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Manila Metropolitan Area	22,311,771	2015	^[6]
Cebu Metropolitan Area	2,678,296
Davao Metropolitan Area	1,196,303
Angeles Metropolitan Area	1,056,211
Dagupan Metropolitan Area	876,322
Cagayan de Oro Metropolitan Area	735,692
Bacolod Metropolitan Area	539,696
Zamboanga Metropolitan Area	498,587
Iloilo Metropolitan Area	489,034
General Santos Metropolitan Area	452,060
Baguio Metropolitan Area	451,844
Batangas Metropolitan Area	326,496
Naga Metropolitan Area	291,374
Iligan Metropolitan Area	279,731
Cotabato Metropolitan Area	274,670
Tagum Metropolitan Area	252,700
Tacloban Metropolitan Area	244,458
Lipa Metropolitan Area	235,919
Legaspi Metropolitan Area	221,694
Marawi Metropolitan Area	207,205
Cabanatuan Metropolitan Area	198,568
Butuan Metropolitan Area	185,655
Olongapo Metropolitan Area	182,832
Tarlac Metropolitan Area	181,691
San Pablo Metropolitan Area	174,317
San Pedro Metropolitan Area	172,148
Dumaguete Metropolitan Area	166,127
Guagua Metropolitan Area	160,448
Puerto Princesa Metropolitan Area	156,713
Pagadian Metropolitan Area	145,146
San Fernando Metropolitan Area	134,798
Malolos Metropolitan Area	123,101
Tuguegarao Metropolitan Area	122,965
Tagbilaran Metropolitan Area	120,097
Ozamis Metropolitan Area	117,388
Roxas Metropolitan Area	108,370
Dipolog Metropolitan Area	108,335
Balanga Metropolitan Area	108,162
Gapan Metropolitan Area	103,963

Qatar

Urban population rate: 46% (2015)^[5]

Doha Metropolitan Area: 1,646,118 (2015)^[6]

South Korea

Boundaries are referred to the Third inter-Korean summit agreement (2018).

Urban population rate: 84% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Sudokwon Metropolitan Area (Seoul + Incheon + nearby cities in Gyeonggi Province)	22,009,222	2015	^[6]
Busan Metropolitan Area (Busan + Gimhae + Yangsan)	3,675,312
Daegu Metropolitan Area	2,474,025
Daejeon Metropolitan Area	1,534,182
Gwangju Metropolitan Area	1,469,650
Ulsan Metropolitan Area	922,819
Jeonju Metropolitan Area (Jeonju + Iksan)	771,294
Changwon Metropolitan Area	738,115
Cheongju Metropolitan Area	664,464
Cheonan Metropolitan Area (Cheonan + Asan)	465,353
Pohang Metropolitan Area	359,501
Gumi Metropolitan Area	332,203
Suncheon Metropolitan Area (Suncheon + Gwangyang + Yeosu)	307,002
Mokpo Metropolitan Area	273,421
Jinju Metropolitan Area	203,662
Wonju Metropolitan Area	181,058
Gunsan Metropolitan Area	158,532
Chuncheon Metropolitan Area	157,839
Geoje Metropolitan Area	153,898
Jeju Metropolitan Area	119,740
Gangneung Metropolitan Area	102,592

Sri Lanka

Urban population rate: 17% (2015)^[5]

Colombo Metropolitan Area: 4,303,603 (2015)^[6]
Kandy Metropolitan Area: 548,245 (2015)^[6]
Matara Metropolitan Area: 225,584 (2015)^[6]
Jaffna Metropolitan Area: 214,344 (2015)^[6]
Galle Metropolitan Area: 197,578 (2015)^[6]
Kalmunai Metropolitan Area: 134,013 (2015)^[6]
Batticaloa Metropolitan Area: 125,685 (2015)^[6]

Taiwan

Boundaries are referred to the territories administrated by the Republic of China, after Cross-Strait Act (1992).

Urban population rate: 80% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Northern Conurbation (Greater Taipei + Taoyuan + Zhubei + Hsinshu + Toufen)	9,869,666	2015	^[6]
Southern Conurbation (Greater Tainan + Greater Kaohsiung + Pingtung)	3,664,955
Central Conurbation (Greater Taichung + Changhua + Nantou + Yunlin)	3,400,809
Chiayi Metropolitan Area	472,172
Hualien Metropolitan Area	144,677

Tajikistan

Urban population rate: 29% (2015)^[5]

Dushanbe Metropolitan Area (Dushanbe + Hisor + Kofarnihon): 1,224,160 (2015)^[6]
Chucand Metropolitan Area (Chucand + Ckalovsk + Qistaquz): 353,276 (2015)^[6]
Kulob Metropolitan Area: 112,702 (2015)^[6]

Thailand

Urban population rate: 37% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Krung Thep Conurbation (Bangkok and nearby cities)	14,954,100	2015	^[6]
Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area	493,149
Phuket Metropolitan Area	426,293
Chonburi Metropolitan Area	392,467
Hat Yai Metropolitan Area	297,792
Pattaya Metropolitan Area	242,133
Nakhon Pathom Metropolitan Area	186,325
Si Racha Metropolitan Area	168,554
Phitsanulok Metropolitan Area	165,001
Songkhla Metropolitan Area	162,380
Nakhon Ratchasima Metropolitan Area	159,579
Khonkaen Metropolitan Area	154,057
Surat Thani Metropolitan Area	150,127
Udon Thani Metropolitan Area	149,983
Nakhon Si Thammarat Metropolitan Area	146,307
Rayong Metropolitan Area	138,423
Lopburi Metropolitan Area	128,924
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Metropolitan Area	126,849
Ubon Ratchathani Metropolitan Area	126,488
Ranong Metropolitan Area	118,553
Yala Metropolitan Area	111,221
Ban Chang Metropolitan Area	110,390
Kanchanaburi Metropolitan Area	102,628

Turkey

Urban population rate: 71% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Istanbul Metropolitan Area	14,565,437	2015	^[6]
Ankara Metropolitan Area	4,460,522
Izmir Metropolitan Area	2,794,142
Bursa Metropolitan Area	1,680,190
Gaziantep Metropolitan Area	1,434,973
Antalya Metropolitan Area	944,864
Konya Metropolitan Area	791,429
Mersin Metropolitan Area	786,305
Izmit Metropolitan Area	784,331
Kayseri Metropolitan Area	772,654
Adana Metropolitan Area	737,574
Samsun Metropolitan Area	559,413
Denizli Metropolitan Area	537,507
Diyarbakir Metropolitan Area	536,794
Eskisehir Metropolitan Area	528,380
Kahramanmaras Metropolitan Area	464,945
Van Metropolitan Area	451,519
Malatya Metropolitan Area	447,745
Sanliurfa Metropolitan Area	431,505
Antakya Metropolitan Area	397,544
Trabzon Metropolitan Area	364,103
Batman Metropolitan Area	363,642
Elazig Metropolitan Area	324,305
Sivas Metropolitan Area	303,202
Sakarya Metropolitan Area	269,660
Manisa Metropolitan Area	294,069
Iskenderun Metropolitan Area	256,743
Cerkezkoy Metropolitan Area	242,264
Isparta Metropolitan Area	234,121
Osmaniye Metropolitan Area	225,567
Aydin Metropolitan Area	210,247
Adiyaman Metropolitan Area	203,680
Yenice Metropolitan Area	181,480
Corum Metropolitan Area	181,012
Ordu Metropolitan Area	180,011
Siverek Metropolitan Area	160,312
Tarsus Metropolitan Area	159,692
Zonguldak Metropolitan Area	158,521
Inegol Metropolitan Area	155,697
Giresun Metropolitan Area	147,434
Usak Metropolitan Area	141,288
Duzce Metropolitan Area	139,560
Yumurtalik Metropolitan Area	139,104
Siirt Metropolitan Area	136,101
Tokat Metropolitan Area	134,631
Karabuk Metropolitan Area	130,402
Kutahya Metropolitan Area	129,641
Erzurum Metropolitan Area	129,246
Karaman Metropolitan Area	127,506
Aksaray Metropolitan Area	126,210
Turgutlu Metropolitan Area	125,953
Rize Metropolitan Area	123,482
Agri Metropolitan Area	121,725
Yalova Metropolitan Area	120,828
Afyonkarahisar Metropolitan Area	120,660
Fethiye Metropolitan Area	117,452
Keskin Metropolitan Area	114,207
Viransehir Metropolitan Area	113,091
Kadirli Metropolitan Area	111,158
Silopi Metropolitan Area	105,037
Eregli Metropolitan Area	104,760
Cizre Metropolitan Area	104,061
Ceyhan Metropolitan Area	103,840
Elbistan Metropolitan Area	100,020

Turkmenistan

Urban population rate: 53% (2015)^[5]

Asgabat Metropolitan Area: 901,080 (2015)^[6]
Mary Metropolitan Area: 159,946 (2015)^[6]
Dasoguz Metropolitan Area: 136,183 (2015)^[6]
Balkanabat Metropolitan Area: 124,782 (2015)^[6]
Turkmenabat Metropolitan Area: 108,822 (2015)^[6]

United Arab Emirates

Urban population rate: 85% (2015)^[5]

Dubai Metropolitan Area (Dubai + Sharjah): 4,979,694 (2015)^[6]
Abu Dhabi Metropolitan Area (Greater Abu Dhabi): 787,746 (2015)^[6]
Al-Ain Metropolitan Area (Al-Ain + Al-Buraymi): 783,519 (2015)^[6]
Ras al-Haymah Metropolitan Area (Greater Ras al-Haymah): 181,691 (2015)^[6]

Uzbekistan

Urban population rate: 40% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Tashkent Metropolitan Area	3,293,873	2015	^[6]
Samarqand Metropolitan Area	795,848
Namangan Metropolitan Area	753,458
Qarshi Metropolitan Area	712,047
Fargona Metropolitan Area	469,110
Jizzax Metropolitan Area	385,490
Andijon Metropolitan Area	373,159
Shahrisabz Metropolitan Area	334,628
Qoqon Metropolitan Area	303,759
Nokis Metropolitan Area	288,240
Tortkul Metropolitan Area	252,614
Termiz Metropolitan Area	242,044
Urganch Metropolitan Area	215,566
Kattaqorgon Metropolitan Area	153,433
Denov Metropolitan Area	146,220
Buxoro Metropolitan Area	137,440
Xiva Metropolitan Area	136,679
Oltiariq Metropolitan Area	120,162
Kosonsoy Metropolitan Area	115,631
Quva Metropolitan Area	113,493
Gijduvon Metropolitan Area	110,910
Navoiy Metropolitan Area	110,554
Ibrat Metropolitan Area	101,566
Asaka Metropolitan Area	101,170
Shahrixon Metropolitan Area	100,375

Vietnam

Urban population rate: 33% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Ho Chi Minh (Sai Gon) Metropolitan Area	11,897,049	2015	^[6]
Ha Noi Metropolitan Area	6,148,404
Tan Chau Metropolitan Area (Tan Chau + Long Xuyen)	1,359,497
Da Nang Metropolitan Area	1,075,589
Hai Phong Metropolitan Area	1,051,010
Can Tho Metropolitan Area	769,316
My Tho Metropolitan Area	759,179
Vinh Long Metropolitan Area	484,198
Nha Trang Metropolitan Area	468,627
Hue Metropolitan Area	419,391
Vung Tau Metropolitan Area	412,378
Thai Nguyen Metropolitan Area	363,000
Thanh Hoa Metropolitan Area	343,001
Vinh Metropolitan Area	326,520
Tay Ninh Metropolitan Area	319,289
Nam Dinh Metropolitan Area	292,782
Hai Duong Metropolitan Area	283,307
Qui Nhon Metropolitan Area	282,795
Rach Gia Metropolitan Area	276,783
Thai Binh Metropolitan Area	268,330
Buon Ma Thuot Metropolitan Area	254,680
Quang Ngai Metropolitan Area	246,708
Phan Thiet Metropolitan Area	243,919
Bac Giang Metropolitan Area	222,711
Play Cu Metropolitan Area	199,908
Bac Lieu Metropolitan Area	199,141
Phan Rang Metropolitan Area	198,679
Da Lat Metropolitan Area	195,370
Ca Mau Metropolitan Area	193,377
Ha Long Metropolitan Area	178,597
Lac Thanh Metropolitan Area	177,136
Cao Lanh Metropolitan Area	173,133
Cai Lay Metropolitan Area	172,776
Tra Vinh Metropolitan Area	159,016
Tuy Hoa Metropolitan Area	158,744
Binh Phuoc Metropolitan Area	155,011
Cao Mat Metropolitan Area	149,729
Kon Tum Metropolitan Area	144,425
Son Tay (Ha Noi) Metropolitan Area	139,803
Vinh Yen Metropolitan Area	139,418
Soc Trang Metropolitan Area	133,858
Viet Tri Metropolitan Area	129,341
Long Le Metropolitan Area	125,920
Mong Cai Metropolitan Area (Mong Cai + Dongxing)	125,104
Cam Pha Metropolitan Area	122,988
Ninh Binh Metropolitan Area	122,236
Cai Be Metropolitan Area	120,234
Tuyen Quang Metropolitan Area	114,216
Phu Ly Metropolitan Area	112,705
Tien Thanh Metropolitan Area	112,508
Tân Phú Metropolitan Area	111,991
Lang Son Metropolitan Area	110,770
Ho Kou Metropolitan Area (Ho Kou + Hekou)	105,453
Xuan Loc Metropolitan Area	103,836
Gia Rai Metropolitan Area	102,299
Yen Bai Metropolitan Area	102,149
Tam Ky Metropolitan Area	100,935
Vinh Tuy Metropolitan Area	100,364

Europe

Albania

Urban population rate: 56% (2015)^[5]

Tirane Metropolitan Area (Greater Tirane): 719,252 (2015)^[6]
Durrës Metropolitan Area (Greater Durrës): 128,104 (2015)^[6]

Austria

Urban population rate: 69% (2015)^[5]

Vienna Metropolitan Area (Greater Vienna): 1,856,676 (2015)^[6]
Graz Metropolitan Area (Greater Graz): 262,476 (2015)^[6]
Linz Metropolitan Area (Greater Linz): 202,652 (2015)^[6]
Salzburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Salzburg): 140,052 (2015)^[6]
Innsbruck Metropolitan Area (Greater Innsbruck): 113,301 (2015)^[6]

Belarus

Urban population rate: 76% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Minsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Minsk)	2,006,722	2015	^[6]
Gomel Metropolitan Area (Greater Gomel)	429,237
Vitebsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Vitebsk)	354,209
Mogilev Metropolitan Area (Greater Mogilev)	334,165
Brest Metropolitan Area (Brest + Terespol)	326,182
Grodno Metropolitan Area (Greater Grodno)	309,064
Bobruisk Metropolitan Area (Greater Bobruisk)	197,539
Baranavici Metropolitan Area (Greater Baranavici)	162,854
Pinsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Pinsk)	132,029
Borisov Metropolitan Area (Greater Borisov)	112,218

Belgium

Urban population rate: 98% (2015)^[5]

Bruxelles Metropolitan Area (Greater Bruxelles): 1,381,517 (2015)^[6]
Antwerp Metropolitan Area (Greater Antwerp): 792,029 (2015)^[6]
Liege Metropolitan Area (Greater Liege): 381,673 (2015)^[6]
Gent Metropolitan Area (Gent + Sas van Gent): 263,643 (2015)^[6]
Charleroi Metropolitan Area (Greater Charleroi): 253,691 (2015)^[6]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Urban population rate: 52% (2015)^[5]

Sarajevo Metropolitan Area (Greater Sarajevo): 371,884 (2015)^[6]
Banja Luka Metropolitan Area (Greater Banja Luka): 159,289 (2015)^[6]

Bulgaria

Urban population rate: 73% (2015)^[5]

Sofia Metropolitan Area (Greater Sofia): 926,881 (2015)^[6]
Plovdiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Plovdiv): 309,004 (2015)^[6]
Varna Metropolitan Area (Greater Varna): 283,835 (2015)^[6]
Burgas Metropolitan Area (Greater Burgas): 111,381 (2015)^[6]

Croatia

Urban population rate: 61% (2015)^[5]

Zagreb Metropolitan Area (Greater Zagreb): 660,653 (2015)^[6]
Split Metropolitan Area (Greater Split): 218,497 (2015)^[6]
Rijeka Metropolitan Area (Greater Rijeka): 143,702 (2015)^[6]

Czechia

Urban population rate: 76% (2015)^[5]

Prague Metropolitan Area (Greater Prague): 1,126,681 (2015)^[6]
Brno Metropolitan Area (Greater Brno): 316,980 (2015)^[6]
Ostrava Metropolitan Area (Greater Ostrava): 186,520 (2015)^[6]
Plzen Metropolitan Area (Greater Pizen): 142,249 (2015)^[6]

Denmark

Urban population rate: 88% (2015)^[5]

Copenhagen Metropolitan Area (Greater Copenhagen): 1,225,959 (2015)^[6]
Aarhus Metropolitan Area (Greater Aarhus): 209,181 (2015)^[6]
Odense Metropolitan Area (Greater Odense): 124,557 (2015)^[6]
Aalborg Metropolitan Area (Greater Aalborg): 100,079 (2015)^[6]

Estonia

Urban population rate: 71% (2015)^[5]

Tallinn Metropolitan Area (Greater Tallinn): 344,511^[6]

Finland

Urban population rate: 86% (2015)^[5]

Helsinki Metropolitan Area (Helsinki + Espoo): 907,386 (2015)^[6]
Tampere Metropolitan Area (Greater Tampere): 134,673 (2015)^[6]
Turku Metropolitan Area (Greater Turku): 112,492 (2015)^[6]

France

Urban population rate: 86% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Ile-de-France Conurbation (Greater Paris)	9,711,512	2015	^[6]
Lyon Metropolitan Area (Greater Lyon)	1,152,368
Marseille Metropolitan Area (Greater Marseille)	909,727
Lille Metropolitan Area (Lille + Mouscron)	903,281
Cote-d'Azur Conurbation (Nice + Cannes)	733,095
Toulouse Metropolitan Area (Greater Toulouse)	658,107
Bordeaux Metropolitan Area (greater Bordeaux)	585,031
Nantes Metropolitan Area (Greater Nantes)	436,853
Strasbourg Metropolitan Area (Strasbourg + Kehl)	422,097
Toulon Metropolitan Area (Greater Toulon)	368,851
Grenoble Metropolitan Area (Greater Grenoble)	338,199
Rouen Metropolitan Area (Greater Rouen)	320,960
Montpellier Metropolitan Area (Greater Montpellier)	293,865
Rennes Metropolitan Area (Greater Rennes)	227,572
Nancy Metropolitan Area (Greater Nancy)	213,797
Tours Metropolitan Area (Greater Tours)	211,591
Dijon Metropolitan Area (Greater Dijon)	208,040
Cambrin Metropolitan Area (Greater Cambrin)	207,779
Clermont-Ferrand Metropolitan Area (Greater Clermont-Ferrand)	191,311
Reims Metropolitan Area (Greater Reims)	189,743
Mulhouse Metropolitan Area (Greater Mulhouse)	189,297
Le Havre Metropolitan Area (Greater Le Havre)	187,643
Orleans Metropolitan Area (Greater Orleans)	179,869
Angers Metropolitan Area (Greater Angers)	176,839
Saint-Etienne Metropolitan Area (Greater Saint-Etienne)	172,766
Caen Metropolitan Area (Greater Caen)	164,788
Metz Metropolitan Area (Greater Metz)	151,221
Le Mans Metropolitan Area (Greater Le Mans)	147,383
Brest Metropolitan Area (Greater Brest)	142,527
Amiens Metropolitan Area (Greater Amiens)	136,532
Limoges Metropolitan Area (Greater Limoges)	129,255
Dunkerque Metropolitan Area (Greater Dunkerque)	127,529
Perpignan Metropolitan Area (Greater Perpignan)	115,845
Pau Metropolitan Area (Greater Pau)	112,672
Troyes Metropolitan Area (Greater Troyes)	109,941
Besançon Metropolitan Area (Greater Besançon)	108,712
Annecy Metropolitan Area (Greater Annecy)	102,728
Nîmes Metropolitan Area (Greater Nîmes)	101,743
Valenciennes Metropolitan Area (Greater Valenciennes)	101,583

Germany

Urban population rate: 76% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Ruhr Conurbation (Bonn + Cologne + Düsseldorf + Wuppertal + Dortmund + Hagen)	7,275,319	2015	^[6]
Berlin Metropolitan Area (Greater Berlin)	3,390,255
Hamburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Hamburg)	1,677,733
Munich Metropolitan Area (Greater Munich)	1,573,652
Frankfurt am Main Metropolitan Area (Greater Frankfurt am Main)	1,523,808
Stuttgart Metropolitan Area (Greater Stuttgart)	1,160,180
Nurnberg Metropolitan Area (Greater Nurnberg)	679,089
Hannover Metropolitan Area (Greater Hannover)	599,164
Dresden Metropolitan Area (Greater Dresden)	513,723
Bremen Metropolitan Area (Greater Bremen)	506,342
Mannheim Metropolitan Area (Greater Mannheim)	466,696
Leipzig Metropolitan Area (Greater Leipzig)	455,581
Augsburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Augsburg)	312,094
Karlsruhe Metropolitan Area (Greater Karlsruhe)	286,982
Aachen Metropolitan Area (Aachen + Kerkrade)	226,264
Kassel Metropolitan Area (Greater Kassel)	222,869
Bielefeld Metropolitan Area (Greater Bielefeld)	214,193
Kiel Metropolitan Area (Greater Kiel)	209,786
Munster Metropolitan Area (Greater Munster)	207,455
Heidelberg Metropolitan Area (Greater Heidelberg)	196,429
Magdeburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Magdeburg)	193,706
Halle Metropolitan Area (Greater Halle)	185,076
Braunschweig Metropolitan Area (Greater Braunschweig)	180,612
Freiburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Freiburg)	179,912
Rostock Metropolitan Area (Greater Rostock)	168,453
Chemnitz Metropolitan Area (Greater Chemnitz)	168,021
Lubeck Metropolitan Area (Greater Lubeck)	150,413
Saarbrücken Metropolitan Area (Greater Saarbrücken)	146,109
Oldenburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Oldenburg)	144,961
Erfurt Metropolitan Area (Greater Erfurt)	141,749
Koblenz Metropolitan Area (Greater Koblenz)	138,095
Regensburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Regensburg)	133,794
Wurzburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Wurzburg)	121,062
Heilbronn Metropolitan Area (Greater Heilbronn)	121,015
Bremerhaven Metropolitan Area (Greater Bremerhaven)	116,975
Darmstadt Metropolitan Area (Greater Darmstadt)	116,051
Osnabruck Metropolitan Area (Greater Osnabruck)	105,944
Ulm Metropolitan Area (Greater Ulm)	103,439

Greece

Urban population rate: 64% (2015)^[5]

Athens Metropolitan Area (Greater Athens): 3,315,199 (2015)^[6]
Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area (Greater Thessaloniki): 813,775 (2015)^[6]
Patras Metropolitan Area (Greater Patras): 176,257 (2015)^[6]
Heraklion Metropolitan Area (Greater Heraklion): 155,251 (2015)^[6]
Larisa Metropolitan Area (Greater Larisa): 126,570 (2015)^[6]
Volos Metropolitan Area (Greater Volos): 104,289 (2015)^[6]

Hungary

Urban population rate: 70% (2015)^[5]

Budapest Metropolitan Area (Greater Budapest): 1,758,468 (2015)^[6]
Debrecen Metropolitan Area (Greater Debrecen): 166,658 (2015)^[6]
Miskolc Metropolitan Area (Greater Miskolc): 124,422 (2015)^[6]
Pecs Metropolitan Area (Greater Pecs): 119,904 (2015)^[6]
Szeged Metropolitan Area (Greater Szeged): 112,516 (2015)^[6]

Ireland

Urban population rate: 65% (2015)^[5]

Dublin Metropolitan Area (Greater Dublin): 1,004,263 (2015)^[6]
Cork Metropolitan Area (Greater Cork): 138,514 (2015)^[6]

Italy

Some Regional Laws approved during the 1970-1980s^[16] tried to define what an Italian conurbation is, but nowadays there's no government organization for a metropolitan area in Italy, so a conurbation has no official boundaries.

Urban population rate: 70% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Naples Metropolitan Area (Greater Naples)	3,699,987	2015	^[6]
Milan Metropolitan Area (Greater Milan)	3,425,384
Rome Metropolitan Area (Greater Rome)	2,617,092
Turin Metropolitan Area (Greater Turin)	1,205,385
Florence Metropolitan Area (Greater Florence)	708,029
Palermo Metropolitan Area (Greater Palermo)	703,529
Catania Metropolitan Area (Greater Catania)	555,375
Genoa Metropolitan Area (Greater Genoa)	542,961
Bologna Metropolitan Area (Greater Bologna)	421,342
Bergamo Metropolitan Area (Greater Bergamo)	353,586
Bari Metropolitan Area (Greater Bari)	310,239
Cagliari Metropolitan Area (Greater Cagliari)	251,635
Venice Metropolitan Area (Greater Venice)	231,530
Padova Metropolitan Area (Greater Padova)	217,448
Pescara Metropolitan Area (Greater Pescara)	212,410
Verona Metropolitan Area (Greater Verona)	200,722
Messina Metropolitan Area (Greater Messina)	198,553
Brescia Metropolitan Area (Greater Brescia)	190,609
Trieste Metropolitan Area (Greater Trieste)	187,630
Livorno Metropolitan Area (Greater Livorno)	148,916
Modena Metropolitan Area (Greater Modena)	142,871
Parma Metropolitan Area (Greater Parma)	136,469
Reggio Calabria Metropolitan Area (Greater Reggio Calabria)	135,275
Taranto Metropolitan Area (Greater Taranto)	132,441
Foggia Metropolitan Area (Greater Foggia)	131,270
Massa Metropolitan Area (Greater Massa)	119,351
Rimini Metropolitan Area (Greater Rimini)	116,867
Reggio Emilia Metropolitan Area (Greater Reggio Emilia)	105,553
Bolzano Metropolitan Area (Greater Bolzano)	101,551

Kosovo

Pristina Metropolitan Area (Greater Pristina): 196,913 (2015)^[6]

Latvia

Urban population rate: 69% (2015)^[5]

Riga Metropolitan Area (Greater Riga): 556,672^[6]

Lithuania

Urban population rate: 69% (2015)^[5]

Vilnius Metropolitan Area (Greater Vilnius): 355,430 (2015)^[6]
Kaunas Metropolitan Area (Greater Kaunas): 276,335 (2015)^[6]
Klaipeda Metropolitan Area (Greater Klaipeda): 111,199 (2015)^[6]

Luxembourg

Urban population rate: 86% (2015)^[5]

Luxembourg Metropolitan Area (Greater Luxembourg): 119,160 (2015)^[6]

Malta

Urban population rate: 88% (2015)^[5]

Birkirkara Metropolitan Area (Valletta and nearby cities): 279,473 (2015)^[6]

Moldova

Urban population rate: 50% (2015)^[5]

Chisinau Metropolitan Area (Greater Chisinau): 460,761 (2015)^[6]
Tiraspol Metropolitan Area (Greater Tiraspol): 157,770 (2015)^[6]
Balti Metropolitan Area (Greater Balti): 109,172 (2015)^[6]

Netherlands

Urban population rate: 84% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Rotterdam Metropolitan Area (Rotterdam + Delft + Den Haag)	1,913,888	2015	^[6]
Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (Greater Amsterdam)	1,128,715
Utrecht Metropolitan Area (Greater Utrecht)	445,245
Leiden Metropolitan Area (Greater Leiden)	302,157
Eindhoven Metropolitan Area (Greater Eindhoven)	280,211
Heerlen Metropolitan Area (Heerlen + Herzongenrath)	262,204
Dordrecht Metropolitan Area (Greater Dordrecht)	240,823
Arnhem Metropolitan Area (Greater Arnhem)	199,884
Tilburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Tilburg)	196,361
Haarlem Metropolitan Area (Greater Haarlem)	195,554
Nijmegen Metropolitan Area (Greater Nijmegen)	180,486
Zoetermeer Metropolitan Area (Greater Zoetermeer)	166,121
Groningen Metropolitan Area (Greater Groningen)	163,386
Almere Metropolitan Area (Greater Almere)	162,857
Alkmaar Metropolitan Area (Greater Alkmaar)	154,296
Amersfoort Metropolitan Area (Greater Amersfoort)	142,167
Breda Metropolitan Area (Greater Breda)	135,821
Enschede Metropolitan Area (Greater Enschede)	131,601
Velsen Metropolitan Area (Greater Velsen)	126,175
's-Hertongenbosch Metropolitan Area (Greater 's-Hertongenbosch)	121,267
Maastricht Metropolitan Area (Maastricht + Maasmechelen)	113,653
Apeldoorn Metropolitan Area (Greater Apeldoorn)	107,444
Zwolle Metropolitan Area (Greater Zwolle)	101,499

Northern Macedonia

Urban population rate: 64% (2015)^[5]

Skopje Metropolitan Area (Greater Skopje): 428,210 (2015)^[6]

Norway

Urban population rate: 81% (2015)^[5]

Oslo Metropolitan Area (Greater Oslo): 782,172 (2015)^[6]
Stavanger Metropolitan Area (Greater Stavanger): 161,284 (2015)^[6]
Bergen Metropolitan Area (Greater Bergen): 148,005 (2015)^[6]
Trondheim Metropolitan Area (Greater Trondheim): 147,468 (2015)^[6]

Poland

Urban population rate: 64% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Upper Silesian Metropolitan Area	2,535,354	2015	^[6]
Warsaw Metropolitan Area (Greater Warsaw)	1,789,294
Krakow Metropolitan Area (Greater Krakow)	664,581
Lodz Metropolitan Area (Greater Lodz)	606,991
Gdansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Gdansk)	603,020
Wroclaw Metropolitan Area (Greater Wroclaw)	529,209
Poznań Metropolitan Area (Greater Ponzan)	527,670
Lublin Metropolitan Area (Greater Lublin)	320,313
Bialystok Metropolitan Area (Greater Bialystok)	289,226
Szczecin Metropolitan Area (Greater Szczecin)	269,836
Walbrzych Metropolitan Area (Greater Walbrzych)	182,732
Rzeszow Metropolitan Area (Greater Rzeszow)	180,696
Bielsko-Biala Metropolitan Area (Greater Bielsko-Biala)	136,717

Portugal

Urban population rate: 63% (2015)^[5]

Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Greater Lisbon): 2,169,391 (2015)^[6]
Porto Metropolitan Area (Greater Porto): 998,283 (2015)^[6]
Braga Metropolitan Area (Greater Braga): 119,657 (2015)^[6]
Funchal Metropolitan Area (Greater Funchal): 119,440 (2015)^[6]

Romania

Urban population rate: 60% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Bucharest Metropolitan Area (Greater Bucharest)	1,774,128	2015	^[6]
Calarasi Metropolitan Area (Greater Calarasi)	369,759
Timisoara Metropolitan Area (Greater Timisoara)	288,523
Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area (Greater Cluj-Napoca)	278,493
Constanta Metropolitan Area (Greater Costanta)	249,829
Iasi Metropolitan Area (Greater Iasi)	237,903
Craiova Metropolitan Area (Greater Craiova)	228,226
Brasov Metropolitan Area (Greater Brasov)	200,225
Galati Metropolitan Area (Greater Galati)	196,601
Ploiesti Metropolitan Area (Greater Ploiesti)	175,454
Oradea Metropolitan Area (Greater Oradea)	156,341
Giurgiu Metropolitan Area (Giurgiu + Ruse)	141,675
Braila Metropolitan Area (Greater Braila)	138,888
Pitesti Metropolitan Area (Greater Pitesti)	132,100
Targu-Mures Metropolitan Area (Greater Targu-Mures)	118,255
Sibiu Metropolitan Area (Greater Sibiu)	117,695
Bacau Metropolitan Area (Greater Bacau)	117,407
Arad Metropolitan Area (Greater Arad)	112,052
Oltenita Metropolitan Area (Greater Oltenita)	108,928

Serbia

Urban population rate: 59% (2015)^[5]

Beograd Metropolitan Area (Greater Beograd): 1,106,870 (2015)^[6]
Novi Sad Metropolitan Area (Greater Novi Sad): 263,087 (2015)^[6]
Nis Metropolitan Area (Greater Nis): 188,293 (2015)^[6]
Kragujevac Metropolitan Area (Greater Kragujevac): 126,766 (2015)^[6]

Slovakia

Urban population rate: 58% (2015)^[5]

Bratislava Metropolitan Area (Greater Bratislava): 352,002 (2015)^[6]
Košice Metropolitan Area (Greater Košice): 220,297 (2015)^[6]

Slovenia

Urban population rate: 53% (2015)^[5]

Ljubljana Metropolitan Area (Greater Ljubljana): 250,335 (2015)^[6]

Spain

Urban population rate: 79% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Madrid Metropolitan Area (Greater Madrid)	4,894,295	2015	^[6]
Barcelona Metropolitan Area (Greater Barcelona)	3,832,012
Valencia Metropolitan Area (Greater Valencia)	1,323,120
Sevilla Metropolitan Area (Greater Sevilla)	861,043
Málaga Metropolitan Area (Greater Málaga)	799,997
Bilbao Metropolitan Area (Greater Bilbao)	778,852
Zaragoza Metropolitan Area (Greater Zaragoza)	503,982
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Metropolitan Area (Greater Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)	443,141
Palma de Mallorca Metropolitan Area (Greater Palma de Mallorca)	388,090
Granada Metropolitan Area (Greater Granada)	355,806
Murcia Metropolitan Area (Greater Murcia)	354,693
Alicante Metropolitan Area (Greater Alicante)	331,089
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Metropolitan Area (Greater Santa Cruz de Tenerife)	324,645
Pamplona Metropolitan Area (Greater Pamplona)	296,609
Valladolid Metropolitan Area (Greater Valladolid)	290,636
Vigo Metropolitan Area (Greater Vigo)	265,407
A Coruña Metropolitan Area (Greater A Coruña)	249,861
Gijón Metropolitan Area (Greater Gijón)	229,261
Algeciras Metropolitan Area (Algeciras + Gibraltar)	215,007
San Sebastián Metropolitan Area (Greater San Sebastián)	214,645
Santander Metropolitan Area (Greater Santander)	206,816
Vitoria Metropolitan Area (Greater Vitoria)	203,909
Alcalá de Henares Metropolitan Area (Greater Alcalá de Henares)	184,497
Oviedo Metropolitan Area (Greater Oviedo)	170,846
Almería Metropolitan Area (Greater Almería)	169,121
Castellón de la Plana Metropolitan Area (Greater Castellón de la Plana)	158,875
Salamanca Metropolitan Area (Greater Salamanca)	143,857
Logroño Metropolitan Area (Greater Logroño)	142,370
Ceuta Metropolitan Area (Ceuta + Fnideq)	137,945
Girona Metropolitan Area (Greater Girona)	132,100
Tarragona Metropolitan Area (Greater Tarragona)	131,944
Jerez de la Frontera Metropolitan Area (Greater Jerez de la Frontera)	130,424
Cádiz Metropolitan Area (Greater Cádiz)	130,037
Melilla Metropolitan Area (Melilla + Ait Mansor)	126,133
Mataró Metropolitan Area (Greater Mataró)	123,418
Marbella Metropolitan Area (Greater Marbella)	119,627
Burgos Metropolitan Area (Greater Burgos)	117,187
Huelva Metropolitan Area (Greater Huelva)	113,533
Torrevieja Metropolitan Area (Greater Torrevieja)	105,360

Sweden

Urban population rate: 86% (2015)^[5]

Stockholm Metropolitan Area (Greater Stockholm): 1,305,076 (2015)^[6]
Gothenburg Metropolitan Area (Greater Gothenburg): 496,226 (2015)^[6]
Malmo Metropolitan Area (Greater Malmo): 297,226 (2015)^[6]
Uppsala Metropolitan Area (Greater Uppsala): 109,542 (2015)^[6]

Switzerland

Urban population rate: 74% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Zurich Metropolitan Area (Greater Zurich)	732,493	2015	^[6]
Geneve Metropolitan Area (Geneve + Annemasse)	476,816
Basel Metropolitan Area (Basel + Lorrach + Buschwiller)	428,721
Lausanne Metropolitan Area (Greater Lausanne)	256,647
Bern Metropolitan Area (Greater Bern)	197,761
Luzern Metropolitan Area (Greater Luzern)	140,814

United Kingdom

Industrial and housing growth in the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries produced many conurbations. Greater London is by far the largest urban area and is usually counted as a conurbation in statistical terms, but differs from the others in the degree to which it is focused on a single central area. In the mid-1950s the Green Belt was introduced to stem the further urbanisation of the countryside in South East England.

The list below shows the most populous urban areas in the UK as defined by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Different organisations define conurbations in the UK differently for example, the Liverpool–Manchester or the Manchester–Liverpool conurbation^[17] is defined as one conurbation by AESOP in a comparison report published by the University of Manchester in 2005 found here. The Liverpool–Manchester Conurbation has a population of 5.68 million.

Urban population rate: 89% (2015)^[5]

v t e Largest urban areas of the United Kingdom (England and Wales: 2011 census built-up area;^[18] Scotland: 2016 estimates settlement;^[19] Northern Ireland: 2001 census urban area)^[20]
Rank	Urban area	Pop.	Principal settlement	Rank	Urban area	Pop.	Principal settlement
1	Greater London	9,787,426	London	11	Bristol	617,280	Bristol
2	Greater Manchester	2,553,379	Manchester	12	Edinburgh	512,150	Edinburgh
3	West Midlands	2,440,986	Birmingham	13	Leicester	508,916	Leicester
4	West Yorkshire	1,777,934	Leeds	14	Belfast	483,418	Belfast
5	Greater Glasgow	985,290	Glasgow	15	Brighton & Hove	474,485	Brighton
6	Liverpool	864,122	Liverpool	16	South East Dorset	466,266	Bournemouth
7	South Hampshire	855,569	Southampton	17	Cardiff	390,214	Cardiff
8	Tyneside	774,891	Newcastle upon Tyne	18	Teesside	376,633	Middlesbrough
9	Nottingham	729,977	Nottingham	19	Stoke-on-Trent	372,775	Stoke-on-Trent
10	Sheffield	685,368	Sheffield	20	Coventry	359,262	Coventry

Ukraine

Urban population rate: 71% (2015)^[5]


Name	Population	Year	Notes
Kyiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Kyiv)	2,737,789	2015	^[6]
Kharkiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Kharkiv)	1,430,661
Donetsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Donetsk)	1,158,998
Odesa Metropolitan Area (Greater Odesa)	1,117,970
Dnipro Metropolitan Area (Greater Dnipro)	903,205
Zaporizhzhia Metropolitan Area (Greater Zaporizzhya)	728,145
Lviv Metropolitan Area (Greater Lviv)	687,060
Krivyy Rih Metropolitan Area (Greater Krivyy Rih)	584,156
Mikolaiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Mikolaiv)	469,017
Mariupol Metropolitan Area (Greater Mariupol)	436,133
Luhansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Luhansk)	415,351
Vinnitsa Metropolitan Area (Greater Vinnitsa)	383,836
Simferopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Simferopol)	338,634
Chernihiv Metropolitan Area (Greater Chernihiv)	278,668
Cherkasy Metropolitan Area (Greater Cherkasy)	278,510
Poltava Metropolitan Area (Greater Poltava)	275,189
Kherson Metropolitan Area (Greater Kherson)	269,644
Khmelnitskyy Metropolitan Area (Greater Khmelnitskyy)	259,104
Zhytomir Metropolitan Area (Greater Zhytomir)	242,883
Chernivtsi Metropolitan Area (Greater Chernivtsi)	240,725
Ivano-Frankivsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Ivano-Frankivsk)	237,552
Rivne Metropolitan Area (Greater Rivne)	228,212
Kropivnitskyy Metropolitan Area (Greater Kropivnitskyy)	225,913
Kamianske Metropolitan Area (Greater Kamianske)	223,589
Lutsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Lutsk)	218,316
Sumy Metropolitan Area (Greater Sumy)	214,376
Kremenchuk Metropolitan Area (Greater Kremenchuk)	213,125
Bialitserkva Metropolitan Area (Greater Bialitserkva)	207,328
Horlivka Metropolitan Area (Greater Horlivka)	195,806
Sevastopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Sevastopol)	189,598
Ternopil Metropolitan Area (Greater Ternopil)	187,740
Melitopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Melitopol)	166,662
Kramatorsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Kramatorsk)	150,246
Alchevsk Metropolitan Area (Greater Alchevsk)	139,091
Nikopol Metropolitan Area (Greater Nikopol)	132,379
Sloviansk Metropolitan Area (Greater Sloviansk)	132,301
Uzhhorod Metropolitan Area (Greater Uzhhorod)	124,809

North America

Canada

Golden Horseshoe (Ontario)

The Golden Horseshoe is a densely populated and industrialized region centred on the west end of Lake Ontario in Southern Ontario, Canada. The largest cities in the region are Toronto, Mississauga, Brampton, Hamilton, Oakville, Burlington, St. Catharines, and Niagara Falls.^[21] If metropolitan areas (which are somewhat distinct from the core urban area of the Golden Horseshoe by about 30 to 50 km of less developed and semi-rural land) are included (similar to Combined Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States as defined by United States Office of Management and Budget), the total population is 8.8 million people. This is slightly over a quarter (25.6%) of the population of Canada, approximately 75% of Ontario's population, and one of the largest metropolitan areas in North America.^[22]

The larger area is named the Greater Golden Horseshoe and includes the metropolitan areas of Kitchener (including adjacent cities it is often referred to as Waterloo Region), Barrie, Guelph, Peterborough, and Brantford. The Greater Golden Horseshoe is also part of the Windsor-Quebec Corridor and its southeastern boundary is across the Niagara River from the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area in the United States.

Greater Montreal (Quebec)

Greater Montreal is Canada's second-largest conurbation.^[23] Statistics Canada defines the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) as having 4,258.31 square kilometres (1,644.14 sq mi) and a population of 3,824,221 as of 2011, which represents almost half of the population of the province of Quebec. Slightly smaller, there are 82 municipalities grouped under the Montreal Metropolitan Community to coordinate issues such as land planning, transportation, and economic development.

Lower Mainland (British Columbia)

British Columbia's Lower Mainland is the most populated area in Western Canada. It consists of many mid-sized contiguous urban areas, including Vancouver, North Vancouver (city and district municipality), West Vancouver, Burnaby, New Westminster, Richmond, Surrey, and Coquitlam, among others. The Lower Mainland population is around 2.5 million (as of 2011) and the area has one of the highest growth rates on the continent of up to 9.2 percent from the 2006 census.

Ottawa-Gatineau / National Capital Region

The National Capital Region (NCR) is made up of the capital, Ottawa, and neighbouring Gatineau which is located across the Ottawa River. As Ottawa is in Ontario and Gatineau is in Quebec, it is a unique conurbation. Federal government buildings are located in both cities and many workers live in one city and work in the other. The National Capital Region consists of an area of 5,319 square kilometres that straddles the boundary between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The area of the National Capital Region is very similar to that of the Ottawa-Gatineau Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) although the National Capital Region contains a number of small neighbouring communities that are not contained within the CMA. When all the communities are included, the population of the area is about 1,500,000. Ottawa-Gatineau is the only CMA in the nation to fall within two provinces and is the fourth largest.^[24]

Mexico

Mexico City (CDMX)

The "CDMX" is the most densely populated center in North America. Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México), constituted by Mexico City itself composed of 16 Municipalities—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo. However, for normative purposes,^{[further explanation needed]} Greater Mexico City most commonly refers to the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México) an agglomeration that incorporates 18 additional municipalities. As of 2019 an estimated 27,782,000 people lived in Greater Mexico City, making it the largest metropolitan area in North America. It is surrounded by thin strips of highlands which separate it from other adjacent metropolitan areas, of which the biggest are Puebla, Toluca, and Cuernavaca-Cuautla, and together with which it makes up the Mexico City megalopolis.

Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara)

The Guadalajara conurbation in the state of Jalisco (colloquially known as the City of Guadalajara, as that is the state capital and most populous of the cities) comprises seven municipalities: Guadalajara, Zapopan, Tlaquepaque, Tonalá, El Salto, Zapotlanejo, and Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. Officially two other cities (Juanacatlán and Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos) are also considered part of the Metropolitan Area, though they are not contiguous with the other seven. The area had an estimated population of 4 500 000 in 2010, spread over a combined area of 2,734 square kilometres (1,056 sq mi).^[25]

United States

Puerto Rico

The Caribbean area has a conurbation in Puerto Rico consisting of San Juan, Bayamón, Guaynabo, Carolina, Canóvanas, Trujillo Alto, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Cataño, and Caguas. This area is colloquially known as the "Área Metropolitana", and houses around 1.4 million inhabitants spread over an area of approximately 396.61 square kilometers (153.13 sq mi), making it the largest city in the Caribbean by area.

New York Tri-state area

One example of a conurbation is the expansive concept of the New York metropolitan area (the Tri-state region) centered on New York City, including 30 counties spread among New York State, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, with an estimated population of 21,961,994 in 2007.^[26] Approximately one-fifteenth of all U.S. residents live in the Greater New York City area, the world's most brightly illuminated urban conurbation and largest urban landmass. This conurbation is the result of several central cities whose urban areas have merged.^{[citation needed]}

Greater Boston Area

Holding a population of 7,427,336 as of 2005, the Combined Statistical Area including Greater Boston consists of Boston proper and a collection of distinct but intertwined cities including Providence, Rhode Island, Worcester, Massachusetts, and Manchester, New Hampshire. Most importantly, the cities that compose the Greater Boston CSA are interlinked by heavy public transportation infrastructure, maintain continuously urban interstices, and hold mutual commuting patterns.

San Francisco Bay Area

Another conurbation is the combination of the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose and several minor urban centers with a combined population of nearly 8 million people, known as the San Francisco Bay Area.^[27]

Greater Los Angeles Area

The Greater Los Angeles Area consists of the merging of several distinct central cities and counties, including Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. This area is also often referred to simply as Southern California or colloquially as SoCal (a larger region which includes San Diego). In 2016, Southern California had a population of 23,800,500, making it slightly larger than the New York Tri-State Area, and is projected to remain so due to a faster growth rate. But because Southern California is not yet a recognized Combined Statistical Area by the United States Office of Management and Budget, the New York Tri-State Area officially remains the nation's largest as of now.

Greater Houston area

An example of a conurbation is seen in Greater Houston. Centered in Houston, the area is continuously urbanized from the coastal areas of Galveston extending through the northern side of the metro area, including The Woodlands, Conroe, and Spring, and going up to Huntsville. The suburbs of Fort Bend County, Texas extend through the cities of the Galveston Bay Area and beyond. It has a population of 7,197,883.^[28]

Baltimore–Washington Area

The traditionally separate metropolitan areas of Baltimore and Washington, D.C. have shared suburbs and a continuous urbanization between the two central cities (Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area).

San Diego–Tijuana

The largest conurbation between the United States and Mexico is San Diego–Tijuana. It includes the two countries' busiest border crossing and a shared economy.^[29]

Dallas–Fort Worth

Three large cities—Dallas, Fort Worth, and Arlington—make up this area. Each city is linked by bordering city limits or suburbs. The area is also known as the Dallas–Fort Worth "metroplex", so called because it has more than one principal anchor city of nearly equal size or importance, and is included in the emerging megalopolis known as the Texas Triangle. According to Texas Monthly, the term is a portmanteau of the terms "metropolitan" and "complex"^[30] and was created by a local advertising agency, TracyLocke.^[30] The North Texas Commission trademarked the term "Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex" in 1972 as a replacement for the previously ubiquitous term "North Texas".^[31] Urban areas with smaller secondary anchor cities (including Mexico City, New York City, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, and Phoenix) are not considered to be conurbations.

Detroit–Windsor

The major U.S. city of Detroit lies immediately across the Detroit River from Windsor, Ontario in Canada. In many respects—economically, historically, culturally, socially, and geographically—Windsor is more a part of Metro Detroit than of Ontario. The two cities and their surrounding suburbs are commonly referred to collectively as the Detroit–Windsor area. The Detroit-Windsor border is the largest commercial border crossing in North America and the busiest between the two countries.^[32]

South Florida

The entire tri-county area also known as the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area is now continuously urbanized along a roughly 100 miles (161 km) length of the Florida east coast as well as extending inland and continuing south of Miami as far as Florida City. Although this is generally all referred to as a single metropolitan area, not a conurbation, it is sometimes broken up into the Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach metros.

Minneapolis–St. Paul

Minneapolis–Saint Paul is the most populous urban area in the state of Minnesota, and is composed of 182 cities and townships built around the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix rivers. The area is also nicknamed the Twin Cities for its two largest cities, Minneapolis, with the highest population and Saint Paul, the state capital.

Quad Cities

The Quad Cities is a metropolitan area located along the border of Illinois and Iowa. Straddling the Mississippi River as it flows west, the area once known as the "Tri Cities" consists of a handful of larger cities and smaller municipalities that have grown together. The largest cities include Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in Illinois as well as Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa.

Stamford-Hartford

Hartford is the capital city of Connecticut and fourth largest by population. Together, with Waterbury, New Haven, Bridgeport, and Stamford, these five cities form a conurbation, as people continue moving into the suburbs of these cities from rural areas, and the Boston and New York City metropolitan areas. Majority of Connecticut's growth in the last decade was centered in and around these five cities. Combined, the population exceeds 1 million.

The Valley of the Sun

Phoenix is the capital and most populous city in Arizona. It is the center of The Valley of the Sun which is recognized by the United States Census Bureau as Chandler, Mesa, and Phoenix in the MSA. Other communities in the metropolitan area include Scottsdale, Glendale, Tempe, Gilbert, and Peoria.

The Front Range Urban Corridor

Denver is the capital and most populous city in Colorado, as well as the most populous municipality in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This conurbation encompasses 18 counties in Colorado and Wyoming and had an estimated population of 4,976,781 in 2018, an increase of 14.84% since the 2010 United States Census.^[33]

Oceania

Australia

Albury-Wodonga

Albury and Wodonga are cross border cities which are geographically separated by the Murray River. Albury on the north of the river is part of New South Wales, while Wodonga on the south bank is in Victoria. In the early 1970s Albury-Wodonga was selected as the primary focus of the Whitlam government's scheme to arrest the uncontrolled growth of Australia's large metropolitan areas (in particular Sydney and Melbourne) by encouraging decentralisation.^[34] The two cities combine to form an urban area with an estimated population of 93,603.^[35]

Canberra-Queanbeyan

A cross border built-up area comprising the nation's capital Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory and the city of Queanbeyan in New South Wales, which is considered by the Australian Bureau of Statistics to have a single labour market.^[36]

Newcastle, Sydney, Wollongong

This conurbation in New South Wales extends from Newcastle and surrounding satellite towns of the Hunter Valley through the Central Coast. It is broken up only by waterways and national parks, through to the greater Sydney metropolitan area and the Wollongong urban area. The total length from the top to the bottom of the conurbation is around 270 km with a population of just over 6 million people.^[37]

Transport is linked throughout the region by motorways, the M1, M2, M4, M5, M7, M8, M15 and M31. An extensive public transport network allows for commuting for work or services across and between multiple distinct but joined centres, with NSW TrainLink's intercity network serving Sydney, the Central Coast, Newcastle, the Hunter Valley and the Illawarra.

Plans for making Wollongong, Sydney and Newcastle a single city have been around since the 1960s. A report titled The Committee for Sydney contains a chapter called The Sandstone Mega-Region, Uniting Newcastle, the Central Coast, Sydney, Wollongong (since all of the cities are in a geological region called the Sydney Basin, which is made up of Sydney sandstone). The report says that the link would benefit the "six cities" within the region, which are: Illawarra and Wollongong, the Western City (Greater Western Sydney), the Central City (Parramatta), the Eastern City (Sydney central business district, eastern suburbs, and Northern Sydney), the Central Coast (Gosford) and Newcastle (including Lake Macquarie).^[38]

Greater Perth

The Perth Metropolitan Region, and Peel regions form a continuous urban area in Western Australia more than 130 km (80 miles) long, on a north–south axis. It is sometimes known as Greater Perth and has a population of more than 2.3 million (2023).^[39] Introduction of the Mandurah railway line in 2007 made it possible for commuters to travel the 70 km (43.5 mi) from Mandurah to Perth in 51 minutes.

South East Queensland

A built-up area 200 kilometres long^[40] which is centred on Brisbane, includes the local government areas (LGAs) of Gold Coast, Ipswich, Logan City, Moreton Bay, Redland City, Sunshine Coast, Noosa Shire, and Tweed Heads, New South Wales. This area is served by a single public transport network, Translink.

Broader definitions of South East Queensland are also used, including the separate built-up area of Toowoomba (140 kilometres; 87 miles west of Brisbane), which is not part of the Translink network. Expansive definitions of South East Queensland give it a population of more than 3.4 million people (2014),^[41] covers 22,420 square kilometres (8,660 sq mi), incorporates ten LGAs, and extends 240 kilometres (150 mi) from Noosa in the north to the Gold Coast (some sources include Tweed Heads).

Greater Darwin

The Greater Darwin metropolitan area is a built-up urban area in the Northern Territory that spans across two cities: Darwin (the capital of the Northern Territory) and Palmerston (Darwin's satellite city). It lies within three local government areas: the City of Darwin, Litchfield Municipality and the City of Palmerston.

New Zealand

In 2010 Auckland became a unitary authority encompassing seven former city and district councils including Auckland City, Manukau City, North Shore City and Waitakere City as well as a number of smaller towns, rural area and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Auckland Council is the largest council in Australasia and the region has a population of 1,529,300, being almost 33% of the total population of New Zealand. The entire urban area rather than the constituent administrative city was often referred to as "Auckland" by New Zealanders long before formal recognition.

The Wellington Metropolitan Area compromises the four cities of Wellington City, Porirua and the cities of Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt, together known as Hutt Valley. The Wellington Metropolitan Area is the second largest urban population in New Zealand with a population of 440,900 as of the 2023 census (or 550,500 if the Wairarapa region is included), followed by Christchurch City at 396,200.^[42]

South America

Full article in Spanish Wikipedia: List of Conurbations in South America

Argentina

	Conurbation	Population	Year	Note
	Buenos AiresGreater Buenos Aires	13,641,973^[43]	2010	Metro region excluding La Plata and its metro area (an additional 694,253 [ INDEC ]).

Greater Buenos Aires (12.046.799) – Greater La Plata (694.253) – Zárate / Campana

Brazil

The entire Rio–São Paulo area is also sometimes considered a conurbation, and plans are in the works to connect the cities with a high-speed rail. However the government of Brazil does not consider this area a single unit for statistical purposes, and population data may not be reliable.

Conurbation	Population	Year	Note
São PauloCME São Paulo	27,640,577^[44]	2009	The CME of São Paulo is federally defined as the São Paulo Metro region (RMSP) and its conurbations.
Rio de JaneiroRM Rio de Janeiro	12,330,186^[45]	2016	Metropolitan region.
Minas GeraisRM Belo Horizonte	5,916,189^[46]	2018	Usually referred to as the Greater Belo Horizonte, comprising 34 municipalities and some 16 other surrounding cities.

Colombia

	Conurbation	Population	Year	Note
	Bogotá D.C.Metropolitan Area of Bogotá	10,733,206^[47]	2014	Conurbation only between Bogota and Soacha
	MedellínMetropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley	3,821,797^[47]	2014	Metro region

Perù

	LimaLima Metropolitan Area	9,500,000^[48]	2017	Lima is expected to become a megacity before the end of the decade, and this conurbation is estimated to have grown by over one million people between 2007 and 2017.

References

^ "zconurbation". Encyclopedia.com.
^ Hall, Peter (2002). Cities of Tomorrow. ISBN 978-0-631-23252-0.
^ "World Urbanization Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2020-04-16.
^ "Vision of Britain – Guide to Census Reports – Census Geographies". Visionofbritain.org.uk.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca Ritchie, Hannah; Samborska, Veronika; Roser, Max (2024-02-23). "Urbanization". Our World in Data.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo "Global Human Settlement - Urban centres database 2018 visualisation - European Commission". human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
^ "Sale, Morocco". Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com.
^ "EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints". Goarticles.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-24. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
^ Baker, Deane-Parker (15 September 2010). "South Africa's threat environment: a guide for the National Planning Commission". African Security Review. 19 (3): 54–64. doi:10.1080/10246029.2010.519878. ISSN 1024-6029. S2CID 144412546. ...what military force would relish tackling Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni (the East Rand) and Tshwane (greater Pretoria), which will by 2015 be a single polycentric urban region...
^ Younger, John Scott; Parry, David Emlyn; Lubis, Harun A.; McLernon, Andrew; Wignall, David John; Hasan, Danni; Benton, Gordon G. (December 2015). "Greater Jakarta, the world's second largest conurbation – part 1". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer. 168 (4): 253–261. doi:10.1680/jmuen.14.00050.
^ "Statistik Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2017". BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
^ The Report: Indonesia 2015. Oxford Business Group. 2015. p. 259. ISBN 9781910068335.
^ "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - About MMR". Mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
^ Singh, Govind; Deb, Mihir; Ghosh, Chirashree (2018). "Delimiting the Boundary of Delhi for Effective Urban Political Ecology Investigations". Journal of Innovation for Inclusive Development. 3 (1): 31–39.
^ "NCR population shot up by 40% in 10 years". The Times of India.
^ Area metropolitana di Palermo
^ Schulze Bäing, Andreas (July 2005). "Shrinking cities and growing regions – emerging trends of new rural-urban relationships in the UK and Germany". AESOP University of Manchester. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "2011 Census - Built-up areas". ONS. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
^ "NRS – Background Information Settlements and Localities" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
^ The UK's major urban areas Office for National Statistics (Urban area of Belfast and connected settlements, Table 3.1, page 47)
^ "Places to Grow Act, 2005". Government of Ontario. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
^ "Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Sub-provincial population dynamics, Greater Golden Horseshoe". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 2007-03-13. Archived from the original on 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09). "Population counts, for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, population centres and rural areas". www150.statcan.gc.ca. doi:10.25318/9810000601-eng. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
^ Deachman, Bruce (2022-02-09). "Ottawa-Gatineau regains spot as fourth-largest metro area in 2021 census". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
^ "Guadalajara Metropolitan Area | Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco". jalisco.gob.mx. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
^ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007" (CSV). 2007 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
^ "Bay Area Census". Bayareacensus.ca.gov. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2019-11-17. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^ Loucky, James, ed. (2008). Transboundary policy challenges in the Pacific border regions of North America. University of Calgary Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-55238-223-3. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Don't Call It the Metroplex". Texas Monthly. 2013.
^ North Texas Commission (2013). "History". Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
^ The Canada-U.S. border: by the numbers – CBC News. (2011-12-07). Retrieved 2013-07-16.
^ "Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change for Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018". 2018 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. July 1, 2018. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
^ Grant, Jane; Walker, Paul; Nichols, David (2014). What's it all About, Monarto?: John Andrews, Boris Kazanski and the centre of South Australia's unbuilt second "new town"', in Landscapes and Ecologies of Urban and Planning History. Wellington: Australasian Urban History / Planning History Group and Victoria University of Wellington. pp. 255–269.
^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
^ "Main Features - Statistical Areas Level 4". Abs.gov.au. 21 May 2010.
^ Australia’s tale of two nations needs a united front by Bernard Salt from The Australian. Retrieved 28 November 2020
^ A single city joining Sydney to Newcastle and Wollongong by Ian Kirkwood from Newcastle Herald. Retrieved November 28, 2020
^ "Main Features - Main Features". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 25 March 2020.
^ Moore, Tony (22 June 2015). "SEQ's 200-kilometre urban sprawl prediction comes true: planning expert". Brisbane Times.
^ "3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2013-14". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. ERP at 30 June 2014.
^ Annemarie Quill (2024-03-02). "Wellington knocked off its perch as second city". Stuff.
^ Greater Buenos Aires – 2010 Census provisional results Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ "ESTIMATIVAS DAS POPULAÇÕES RESIDENTES, EM 1º DE JULHO DE 2009, SEGUNDO OS MUNICÍPIOS" (PDF). Ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
^ "IBGE :: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística". Ibge.gov.br.
^ "IBGE :: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística". Ibge.gov.br.
^ ^a ^b "DANE". Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ INEI. "Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica". M.inei.gob.pe. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2018.

v t e World's largest cities
City proper	Capitals Africa Americas North Latin Central South Asia Arab world Arabia ASEAN East, South and Southeast Asia Europe Baltic European Union Nordic
Metropolitan area	Americas (North South West Indies) Europe (European Union) Asia Africa Middle East Oceania
Urban area/agglomeration	Asia Africa Europe European Union Nordic North America Oceania Transborder
Historical	World Europe
Related articles	Arcology Ecumenopolis Global city Megacity Megalopolis Conurbation Satellite city population Primate city Secondary city
Cities portal World portal

v t e Cities
Urban geography	Urban area City centre Downtown Suburb Exurb Core city Twin cities Satellite city Edge city Commuter town City proper limits Conurbation Metropolitan area Metropolis Megacity Megalopolis Cities with the most skyscrapers Urbanization Suburbanization Shrinking cities Ghost town Abandoned village Lost city Tent city Closed city College town
Urban government	City status Municipality direct-controlled Independent city City-state Autonomous city Capital city
Urban economics	World's cities by GDP Global city Central business district Most expensive cities Cheapest cities Most livable cities Urban decay Ghetto Modern ruins No-go area Shanty town Skid row Slum Squatting Urban renewal Municipal bond Habitat III Peri-urban agriculture
Urban planning	History of urban planning Theories of urban planning Technical aspects of urban planning Urban planners Public open space Green space Urban wild Zoning Mixed-use development Urban design Grid plan Concentric zone model Sector model Multiple nuclei model Linear settlement Land use Smart city Bicycle-friendly Cyclability Cycling infrastructure Pedestrian zone Walkability
Urban population	World's largest cities throughout history Most densely populated cities Most populous national capitals Most populous satellite cities
Urbanism	New Urbanism Urban warfare Urban studies Urban morphology Urban culture Urban sociology Anti-urbanism Urban exploration Urban homesteading Unitary urbanism
Environment	Climate change Eco-cities Ecological engineering Green infrastructure Green urbanism Million Tree Initiative Sustainable city Sustainable Development Goal 11 Sustainable urbanism Urban ecology Urban forest inequity Urban forest Urban forestry Urban heat island Urban park Urban prairie Urban reforestation Zero-carbon city
Cities portal